Br-2PACz ((2-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid, CAS No. 2762888-11-7), a dibrominated derivative of 2PACz, is a self-assembled monolayer material. It has an electron-rich carbazole terminal unit and a ethyl phosphonic acid head group.
Carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers have been widely used in Pb-based perovskite solar cells and silicon-perovskite tandem devices. The work function of indium-tin-oxide increases dramatically from 4.73 eV to 5.82 eV upon functionalization with Br-2PACz.
A record efficiency of 19.51% was achieved in Cs0.25FA0.75Sn0.5Pb0.5I3 perovskite solar cells when Br-2PACz was engaged as a hole transport layer material, while an efficiency of 16.33% was recorded by using PEDOT:PSS. The Br-2PACz-based devices also gave better device stability and longer shelf-life, maintaining 80% of their initial efficiency under continuous illumination for 230 h, even after the fabricated device was being stored in a N2 atmosphere for 4224 h [1].
Serving as hole selective contact for organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells, Br-2PACz is an alternative to PEDOT:PSS with superior performance with the convenience of solution deposition at low concentration, i.e. 1 mM.
Solution Processing Procedure
Typical processing solvents: ethanol, methanol, THF, IPA, DMF
Typical concentration: 1 mM (0.433 mg/ml) or 1.0 mg/ml (1 mg Br-2PACz is dissolved in 1 ml ethanol)
Typical processing procedure: 100 uL of Br-2PACz solution is deposited onto the center of the substrate surface and spin-coated for 30 s at the speed of 3000 rpm. After the coated substrate was annealed for 10 min at 100 ℃, EtOH solution (200 µl) was dynamically spin coated on ITO/SAM at 3000 rpm for 30 s to remove the aggregates, and the substrates was then again annealed at 100 °C for 1 min.
General Information
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CAS Number
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2762888-11-7
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Chemical Formula
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C14H12Br2NO3P
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Molecular Weight
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433.03 g/mol
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Absorption*
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λmax 458 nm (ITO)
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Fluorescence
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λem (n.a.)
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HOMO/LUMO
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HOMO = 6.01 eV, LUMO = 2.64 eV
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Synonyms
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(2-(3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid
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Classification or Family
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Carbazole derivatives, Self-assembly monolayers, Hole transport layer, Hole extraction layer, p-i-n Perovskite solar cells, Organic photovoltaics
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Product Details
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Purity
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> 99% (1H NMR)
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Melting Point
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n.a.
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Appearance
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Off-white powder/crystals
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