3PATAT-C3 is a tripodal self-assembled monolayer material bearing three anchoring phosphonic acids, three n-propyl spacers and one triazatruxene terminal. When all three anchors of the SAM molecule are bound to the electrode surface, the terminal triazatruxene functional group is then forced to have a face-on orientation to the anode. In close contact to the perovskite layer with a face-on orientation, the π-conjugated triazatruxene structure allows great efficiency for the terminal functional groups to collect holes from the perovskite active layer materials while compared to those of the edge-on orientation induced by a monopod SAM.
Consequently, the devices based on this tripod SAM molecule achieved a higher PCE of 23.0% than that of the MeO-2PACz-based devices with a PCE of 21.0%. Moreover, the inverted perovskite photovoltaic devices using 3PATAT-C3 showed outstanding operational stability without any PCE loss after more than 2000 h of shelf-stability test.
Device configuration: ITO/3PATAT-C3/Cs0.05MA0.15FA0.80Pb2.75Br0.25/EDAI2/C60/BCP/Ag.
The contact angle of water drop on 3PATAT-C3 coated ITO surface is 75° while on the bare ITO surface is 8°. The surface density of 3PATAT-C3 on ITO substrate fabricated from 1 mM DMF solutions was determined to be 2.9 × 1013 molecules cm–2.
Serving as hole selective contact for organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells, 3PATAT-C3 is an alternative to PEDOT:PSS with superior performance with the convenience of solution deposition at low concentration, i.e. 1 mM.
Solution Processing Procedure
Typical processing solvents: DMF, THF, IPA, ethanol, methanol Typical concentration: 1.0 mg/ml, 1 mM (0.711 mg/ml), 0.1 mM
Typical processing procedure:
50 uL of 3PATAT-C3 solution (0.1 mM in DMF) is deposited onto the center of the substrate surface and spin-coated for 30 s at the speed of 3000 rpm. After annealing for 10 min at 110 °C (DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00805).
General Information
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CAS Number
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3048690-10-1
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Chemical Formula
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C33H36N3O9P3
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Molecular Weight
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711.58 g/mol
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Absorption*
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λmax (324 nm in DMF)
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Fluorescence
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λem (n.a.)
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HOMO/LUMO
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HOMO = 5.48 eV
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Synonyms
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[(5H-Diindolo[3,2-a:3',2'-c]carbazole-5,10,15-triyl)tris(propane-3,1-diyl)]tris(phosphonic acid)
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Classification or Family
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Triazatruxene derivatives, Self-assembly monolayers, Hole transport layer, Hole extraction layer, p-i-n Perovskite solar cells, Organic photovoltaics
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Product Details
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Purity
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> 98% (HPLC)
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Melting Point
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N/A
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Appearance
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White to grey powder/crystals
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